Wednesday 16 June Thursday 17 June Friday 18 June Saturday 19 June Sunday 20 June Monday 21 June Tuesday 22 June Wednesday 23 June Thursday 24 June Friday 25 June Saturday 26 June Sunday 27 June Monday 28 June Tuesday 29 June Wednesday 30 June Thursday 1 July Friday 2 July Saturday 3 July Sunday 4 July Monday 5 July Tuesday 6 July Wednesday 7 July Thursday 8 July Friday 9 July Saturday 10 July Sunday 11 July Monday 12 July Tuesday 13 July Wednesday 14 July Thursday 15 July Friday 16 July Saturday 17 July Sunday 18 July Monday 19 July Tuesday 20 July Wednesday 21 July Thursday 22 July Friday 23 July Saturday 24 July Sunday 25 July Monday 26 July Tuesday 27 July Wednesday 28 July Thursday 29 July Friday 30 July Saturday 31 July Sunday 1 August Monday 2 August Tuesday 3 August Wednesday 4 August Thursday 5 August Friday 6 August Saturday 7 August Sunday 8 August Monday 9 August Tuesday 10 August Wednesday 11 August Thursday 12 August Friday 13 August Saturday 14 August Sunday 15 August Monday 16 August Tuesday 17 August Wednesday 18 August Thursday 19 August Friday 20 August Saturday 21 August Sunday 22 August Monday 23 August Tuesday 24 August Wednesday 25 August Thursday 26 August Friday 27 August Saturday 28 August Sunday 29 August Monday 30 August Tuesday 31 August Wednesday 1 September Thursday 2 September Friday 3 September Saturday 4 September Sunday 5 September Monday 6 September Tuesday 7 September Wednesday 8 September Thursday 9 September Friday 10 September Saturday 11 September Sunday 12 September Monday 13 September Tuesday 14 September Wednesday 15 September Thursday 16 September Friday 17 September Saturday 18 September Sunday 19 September Monday 20 September Tuesday 21 September Wednesday 22 September Thursday 23 September Friday 24 September Saturday 25 September Sunday 26 September Monday 27 September Tuesday 28 September Wednesday 29 September Thursday 30 September Friday 1 October Saturday 2 October Sunday 3 October Out of a total isolates, The predominant bacteria species isolated comprise Staphylococcus aureus 82 Generally, in this study majority of gram-positive isolates showed high resistance to commonly used antimicrobials to Penicillin In this study it was also revealed that isolated bacteria species developed multi drug resistance to most of the antibiotics commonly tested.
Conclusions: In this study the overall blood culture positive bacterial isolate rate was high The most predominant blood culture isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococci and Klepsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic resistances of isolates were alarmingly high so that proper management of patients with blood stream infections needs careful selection of effective antibiotics. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Bacterial profile; Blood stream developed and developing countries, though the problem is still infections; Blood culture; Ethiopia common in developed nations, the burden is high in sub Saharan countries [3,4].
Introduction Now days, AMR bacteria is an emerging serious public health threat Bloodstream infection BSI remains one of the main causes of in both developed and developing countries [5,6]. Different reports morbidity and mortality, ranging from self-limiting to life threatening have shown antibiotics resistance arises as a consequence of mutations sepsis that requires rapid antimicrobial treatment [1].
However, the in the genomes of microbes and improper selection of antibiotic used problem is still common in developed nations, with highest burden in for treatment which provides a competitive advantage for mutated sub Saharan countries including Ethiopia [2]. Antimicrobial resistance strains [6,7]. Clin Microbiol 7: Susceptibility testing developing countries, due to lack of surveillance systems, limited was performed on Muller Hinton agar Oxoid, Hampshire, UK using resources, poor adherence to infection control measures, use of agar disc diffusion method [].
The results of diffusion test were interpreted according to infrastructure and trained personnel constraint in developing country the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards NCCLS. Before data collection the investigators provided training for data collectors and necessary technical support, coordinated, monitored on Methods the overall data collection process and procedures to ensure data quality and completeness.
Figures and tables were used to summarize years records of culture and drug susceptibility test results of blood in results.
The chi-square test was employed to assess the association the clinical microbiology laboratory unit from January, to between variables. This study was conducted statistical significant. Of total population of 3,, , with annual growth rate of 3. All these patients The overall prevalence included. Data was collected using bacteria species that causing blood stream infection, 82 All the information including blood culture results and Staphylococcus CoNS , 23 Two blood samples were collected Among gram positive isolates 82 Before species, 43 Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Nesseria Biochemical test including catalase, Coagulase, novobiocin and meningitides respectively.
Streptococcus species was showed no resistance to almost all antibacterial drugs used for antibacterial susceptibility test Table 2. Majority of gram negative isolates were showed more to December All infections isolated during study period were monomicrobial. Variables Bacteria spp. Streptococcus spp. Enterobacteriaceae spp. Table 2: Antibiotics resistance patterns of Gram positive bacteria isolated from patients with blood stream infection From January to December , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
This study comparable with study reported from Ethiopia, Nigeria and India In this study the overall frequency of bacteria isolated from blood [1,2,19]. The current study was higher than infections cases, inappropriate use of antibiotics and few people self- study reported from different area of Ethiopia, Since this is two study from India Most possible retrospective study, the study population was not systematically explanation could be due to the difference in blood culture system, selected, and a relatively low number of cultures were performed over study population, the study design, geographical location, etiological the study time-period the results may not be truly representative and agents, and infection control policies between countries [2,13,24].
AMR is alarming and a major problem in the This study revealed that S. Therefore timely investigation second most prevalent GPB agents isolated in this study area. This has of bacteria that cause infections and monitoring of their antibiotic also been reported by other studies conducted in different areas susceptibility pattern is very important to reduce the incidence of BSI [1,2,14,16].
The probable reason for highest incidence of these bacteria and drug resistant strains, it is also important to keep constant of could be commonly found in the hospital environment which might be antibiotics sensitivity surveillance on blood culture isolates and contaminate among admitted patients and increase the infection rate ensuring more rational drug use and combination of antibiotic therapy [16].
This finding was comparable to study from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where isolation Limitations rate of Klebsiella spp. This finding is supported by representative. This is comparable with study reported from different area [14,18]. This is might be due to their low immune response, Declarations socioeconomic status of their parents, poor hygiene practices, may be bottle feeding and few of them may be give birth at home which may Ethics approval and consent to participate contaminate the infants easily and get infections [1,2,4].
Ethical clearance and approval was obtained from the Ethical review Although, this study showed that males were more infected than committee of Addis Ababa Public health research and Emergency females This cooperation granted by Addis Ababa city administration health bureau slight variation has been previously reported by various studies.
It is to the Clinical Microbiology unit, we kept the privacy and not exactly clear why there was predominant [14,19]. In this study another important point was antimicrobial resistance rate was high and this is may be causes a serious therapeutic challenge Availability of data and material to the management of common infections. It has also indicated that The data sets generated during the current study are available from most resistance range for both gram positive and gram negative the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Third generation cephalosporins showed a very weak activity against them. Yet, in this study In The authors had no funding support or funding to report. Penicillin resistant S. Pa W Performance standards of antimicrobial susceptibility.
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